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Mizdakhkan is an ancient center in the heart of Central Asia, where every era has left its mark on culture and architecture.
This time tape reflects the key stages of the development of Mizdakhkan, from its origins to modern discoveries.
V I -IV centuries BC.
Khorezm is a satrapy within the Achaemenid Empire
4th century BC.
Khorezm becomes an independent state The dynasty of King Farasman comes to power.
Construction of the city (fortress) Gyaur-kala.
328 BC.
The visit of the Khorezm king Farasman to Samarkand to Alexander the Great with a proposal of an alliance.
End of the 2nd century BC.
of Yuezhi origin in Khorezm.
Over the centuries, Mizdakhkan has undergone significant changes, preserving the monuments of ancient architecture and integrating into modern cultural and scientific processes.
2nd-3rd centuries AD.
Artav in Khorezm.
There is an opinion that the first rulers of independent Khorezm were the Siyavushids
3rd century n.e.
on the Eastern Hill of Mizdahkan.
The earliest burial in a ceramic sarcophagus.
Prevails ossuary rite associated with the Zoroastrian burial tradition
305 AD.
The rise to power of the Vazamarid.
Afrigid dynasty in Khorezm according to Beruni.
712-713.
Arab governor of Khorasan Qutayba Ibn Muslim conquered the territory on the left bank of the Amu Darya
The beginning of the Islamization of the territory of Khorezm.
Middle of the 8th century.
The process of Islamization of Khorezm.
Change of burial rite at the Mizdakhkan necropolis .
The ossuary rite of the Zoroastrian tradition is replaced by the Muslim rite of burial.
Gyaur-Kala Citadel
IX-X centuries.
Gyaur-Kala: The Eastern Citadel is under construction
10th century.
Al- Maqdisi (947 - after 1000) Arab geographer.
Mizdakhkan is a large (city), around it there are 12,000 fortifications and a vast volost ( rustak ).
The other cities (of Khorezm, except for Gurganj - the main city) are populated and fortified, but Mizdakhkan is the largest of them.
It is close in area ( sath ) to Jurjaniya ( Gurganj /Urgench), and especially to that part which is surrounded by a wall ( hisar )."
995 g.
The last representative of the Vazarid ( Afrighid ) dynasty.
Abu Abdullah Muhammad was captured by the emir of Urgench, Mamun ibn Muhammad, and executed in 995.
Power in Khorezm passed to the Mamunid dynasty.
995–1017.
Ma'munid dynasty.
IX–X centuries.
Eastern Hill. Jumart-Kassab Heights : burials in pits lined with mud bricks (possibly burials of representatives of the local Muslim nobility)
1017–1041.
Altuntashid dynasty.
1043–1097.
the Seljuk dynasty in Khorezm.
1097–1221.
the Anushteginid dynasty.
The Great Khorezmshahs.
Ala ad-Din Muhammad II 1200-1220
XI-XIII centuries.
Gyaur-Kala: under construction Western Citadel.
12th century.
Eastern Hill: The White Khanaka complex of buildings is being built
The White Khanaka complex
end of the 12th - beginning of the 13th centuries.
East Hill: Under Construction -
Khalif Erezhep /stage 1
"summer" mosque /stage 1
1219.
The beginning of the war of the Anushteginids with the empire of Genghis Khan
1221.
The capture of Gurganj
(the capital of the Khorezmshahs)
Desolation of Gyaur- kala.
Mid 13th century.
Formation of the city on the territory between the Eastern and Western hills (Golden Horde city)
1269.
During the reign of Khan Mengu -Timur (1266-1282), the Jochi ulus became an independent state, the Golden Horde.
XIII-XIV centuries.
Eastern Hill: Renovation work in the "summer" mosque / Stage 2
1321-1336.
The reign of the viceroy of Khorezm and Dasht -i Kipchak
Kutluk - Timur
East Hill:
construction of the khanaka Mazlumkhan -Sulu
Repair works on Khalifa Erezhep
Stage 2
1361-1388
Sufi dynasty. Desolation of the Golden Horde city
XIV century.
The cemetery on the southern part of East Hill is no longer functioning.
Completion of burials on the Jumart-Kassab hill.
1388/1389–1480.
The reign of the Temurid dynasty.
XV century.
Construction of a complex of premises next to the facade of Khalifa Erezhep.
1505–1804.
the Arab Shahid dynasty.